The 6 cells add to give the 12V necessary to start a car. The reverse reaction happens when the battery is being recharged. Since the electrons can't travel directly through the solution to get from where they're released to where they're used, the reactions can only continue if they travel through the external electrical circuit. Notice that one reaction releases electrons and the other uses them up. ![]() PbO 2 + 4H+ + SO 4 - + 2e -> PbSO 4 + 2H 2O and When the battery is being used, the 2 connections react to form lead sulfate (PbSO 4) by reacting with the sulfuric acid. In a car battery (sometimes called a lead-acid battery) the cathode is lead dioxide (PbO 2), the anode is a sponge of lead (Pb), and the solution is sulfuric acid (H 2SO 4). When a battery dies, it is because one or more of the chemical reactants is more or less used up. When run in reverse (with certain batteries), electrons are forced in the other direction in the reverse reactions. The electrons are incorporated in the products of this reaction. These reenter the battery through the cathode where another chemical reaction is happening between the cathode and solution. Solution Oxidation takes place at the anode, and the electrode must be Ni Ni 2 +, Ni ( s) Ni ( aq) 2 + + 2 e and the reduction occurs at the cathode: Fe 3 +, Fe 2 +: 2 Fe 3 + + 2 e 2 Fe 2 + For every Ni atom oxidized, two Fe 3 + ions are reduced. During normal operation, a chemical reaction occurs between the solution and the anode which releases electrons that flow through the circuit. There is also a solution that the cathode and anode sit in. ![]() There are 2 connectors that go out of the battery. Inside the battery are 3 important things. The general way that a battery works is that when an electronic circuit is connected to the battery, electrons are allowed to flow. This causes the voltages of each battery to add. A car battery is actually 6 smaller batteries that are lined up in series.
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